Anti-Vietnam war protests in England and Australia; September 21. Peace movement leaders opposed the war on moral and economic grounds. Innocent Vietnamese peasants were being killed in the crossfire. Rather, the song was likely meant as a message of unity for the common American. North Vietnamese leaders did implement a “real land reform” by redistributing large amounts of land to landless peasants, but they also executed about 15,000 landlords and rich peasants in the process. This is particularly true of communist North Vietnam, or the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, which at one point provoked the United Stated to commit about half a million troops to defending South Vietnam and to fight a long, bitter, and divisive conflict. The savagery was epochal. Dr. Martin Luther King, in a famous address in 1967, similarly took issue with the US government for rejecting. Many admitted that involvement was a mistake, but military defeat was unthinkable. How could they even consider challenging those much more powerful than they were? An The draft was another major source of resentment among college students. Peace movement leaders opposed the war on moral and economic grounds. Roads were blocked and ROTC buildings were burned. Peaceful demonstrations turned violent. As the Johnson Administration escalated the commitment, the peace movement grew. Young American soldiers were suffering and dying. Antiwar demonstrations were few at first, with active participants numbering in the low thousands when Congress passed the Tonkin Gulf Resolution. Ho Chi Minh was the most popular leader in all of Vietnam, and the United States was supporting an undemocratic, corrupt military regime. Forced to stay in cooperatives, the free farmers of North Vietnam were turned into a kind of serfs or indentured workers. If ever there was an act of state worthy of protest, this was it. Given their limited military and economic capabilities, the ability and determination of small but radical states like North Vietnam to inflict such humiliation on a superpower poses a significant analytical puzzle: What were the thoughts of revolutionary leaders in those states? The first protests against U.S. involvement in Vietnam were in 1945, when United States Merchant Marine sailors condemned the U.S. government for the use of U.S. merchant ships to transport European troops to "subjugate the native population" of Vietnam. Many have collapsed, including the once mighty Soviet Union, and most survivors have made peace with their former Western enemies. War Resisters League … For the peasants, this new government meant real land reform, one of the most important needs in their lives. Such criticism led to the 26th Amendment, which granted suffrage to 18-year-olds. Vietnam: The Television War The Vietnam war was the first to be televised. Despite a brief upsurge in protests following and resumption of the air war against North Vietnam in the spring of 1972, the factionalization of the movement and the withdrawal of most U.S. forces led to a decline in protests. The protesters believed the war was wrong and they thought that the United States shouldn’t be involved. As this debate continues today, the same misunderstandings are frequently found in the literature. Portrayed in this manner, the Vietnamese communists did not possess their own beliefs nor were they capable of independent action. Then-Assistant Secretary of State Dean Rusk testified before a Congressional committee in 1951 that Vietnamese communists were “strongly directed from Moscow and could be counted upon…to tie Indochina into the world communist program.” A decade later, when he sent American troops to Vietnam, President Lyndon Johnson pointed to Beijing as the real culprit: Over this war—and all of Asia—is another reality: the deepening shadow of Communist China. This is a regime which has destroyed freedom in Tibet, which has attacked India and has been condemned by the United Nations for aggression in Korea.
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